ERDC/CHL CHETN-II-44
September 2001
Table 3 (Concluded)
Type
Prevention and Remediation
12. Borrow pit located within active profile
Evaluate and compare maintenance for a borrow pit site located
close to shore versus a site farther offshore; predict consequences
and plan to mitigate
13. Updrift barrier
Periodically nourish; place sand-retention structures in severe
situations
14 Relict inlet offsets
Compensate with additional fill volume; periodic nourishment
15. Translatory longshore sand waves
Estimate speed of wave; mitigate if necessary
16. Standing and random longshore sand
Quantify swings; overfill
waves
17. Isolation of beach from longshore
Place sand-retention structures and provide feeder site
transport inputs
(nourishment) as necessary
18. Rip currents
Near structures, consider spur to deflect current laterally; otherwise,
no known remediation
ADDITIONAL INFORMATION: The authors would like to thank William Curtis, Mark
Gravens, Ed Hands, Shelley Johnston, and Joan Pope of the U.S. Army Engineer Research and
Development Center, Coastal and Hydraulics Laboratory (CHL), and Brian Batten of the State
University of New York, Stony Brook, for helpful discussions about EHSs and for reviews of
this paper. This study is a product of the Inlet Geomorphology and Channel Evolution Work
Unit of the Coastal Inlets Research Program being conducted at CHL.
This CHETN was written by Dr. Nicholas C. Kraus of CHL and Dr. Francis A. Galgano of the
U.S. Military Academy. Questions about this CHETN can be addressed to Dr. Kraus (601-634-
2016, Fax 601-634-3080, e-mail: ). This CHETN
should be cited as follows:
Kraus, N. C., and Galgano, F. A. (2001). "Beach erosional hot spots: Types, causes,
and solutions," Coastal and Hydraulics Engineering Technical Note CHETN-II-44,
U.S. Army Engineer Research and Development Center, Vicksburg, MS.
REFERENCES:
Bodge, K., Gravens, M., and Srinivas, R. (1999). "Appendix B: Design considerations for `hot spots',"
in: "Recommended beach nourishment guidelines for the State of Florida and unresolved related
issues," Dean R.G., and Campbell, T.J., UFL/COEL-99/020, Coastal & Oceanographic Engineering
Dept., Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL, EHS-1-EHS-4.
Bridges, M. H. (1995). "Analysis of the processes creating erosional hot spots in beach nourishment
projects," UFL/COEL-95/030, Coastal & Oceanographic Eng. Program, U. of Florida, Gainesville,
FL., 135 pp.
Bruun, P. (1996). "The development of downdrift erosion," J. Coastal Res., 11 (4), 1,242-1,257.
Combe, A. J., and Soileau, C. W. (1987). "Behavior of man-made beach and dune, Grand Island,
Louisiana," Proc. Coastal Sediments '87, ASCE, 1,232-1,242.
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